Minerals in chalk

Phosphate minerals are widespread in the Chalk and localised concentrations occur as impregnations and coatings on the sediments, or as pelletal concretions. It is often most conspicuos where depostion ceased for a time and the upper surface of the sediment became compacted (hardgrounds). Glauconite occurs in minute quantities throughout …

A health-aid chalk using natural clay minerals is provided to realize a health-aid effect and good cost efficiency by using natural substances favorable to ...Chalk is calcium carbonate in the form of the mineral calcite and is found in many places all over the world. The word "chalk" probably originated from the Latin word "calx", which basically means "lime". Chalk is a limestone rock primarily made from calcite shells of foraminifera and calcareous algae, among various other planktons.Test Diamond Dolomite Gneiss Chalk Density 3.52 g/cm3 2.8-2.9 g/cm3 2.7-3.2 g/cm3 2.3 g/cm3 Texture/Grain N/A Fine-grained Coarse-grained Very fine-grained HCl Reactivity Does not react Weak reaction Does not react Strong reaction Mineral Composition Carbon Dolomite, Calcite Quartz, Feldspar, Mica Calcite Appearance Clear, crystalline White to ...The chalk shows clear signs of recrystallization, contact cements, and particle interlocking. Nevertheless, coccoliths are still well preserved, and the rock presents intrafossil porosity [35]. The chalk from Liège shows a clean compositional nature, as the main mineral component is calcite (CaCO3), together with minor abundances of non-carbonateMinerals are naturally occurring substances of inorganic origin that are the basic building blocks of rocks. Microscopy Primer: Light and Color: Microscope Basics: ... Deposits of chalk are primarily comprised of the calcareous shells of foraminifera, which are a type of marine protozoa, but also the shells of diatoms, radiolarians, and similar ...Mineral (Carbonate) Not metallic -- Bubbles in HCL. Double refraction (2 images visible through clear sample). Rhombs, 3 cleavage planes (not 90), H=3. Calcite CaCO 3 49 Igneous Rock Aphanitic -- Vesicular (<50%) -- Light Grey color (therefore Intermediate) Andesite 101 y Chemical sedimentary rock (precipitated minerals or recrystaDixie Belle Blue - Chalk Mineral Paint. Regular price: $9.95. Sale price: $9.95. Regular price. Unit price: /per. Sale Sold out. Dried Sage - Chalk Mineral ...Magnetic minerals – minerals which show magnetic properties. Two examples are magnetite and hematite Metamorphic rocks - formed from igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks which contain minerals that have been changed by heat, pressure, or chemical action Mineral - occur in nature and have definite chemical compositions

Oct 2, 2019 · First, the word references the actual geologic minerals that make up the rocks in the ground: a chunk of quartz, say, or a hectare of volcanic bedrock. In another usage, “minerality” can also refer to nutrient minerals, like potassium, that vines absorb through their roots and use in vital processes. Finally, the word is a flavor descriptor. A chalk is a soft, friable variety of limestone consisting of poorly lithified calcareous ooze, produced by the accumulation of planktonic organisms in a pelagic (open sea) environment. Chalk is largely made of shells of single-celled marine organisms, such as foraminifera and coccoliths, but fragments of shells of bivalves and ostracods might ...Clay forms the basis for pottery and is made up of many different minerals. Because they can form large deposits, the most common clay minerals used by potters are kaolinite, montmorillonite and bentonite. These minerals are composed of hydrous aluminum silicate. They have a layered sheet-like structure, small particle size and …Calcite belongs to the calcite group of minerals, a group of related carbonates that are isomorphous with one another. They are similar in many physical properties, and may partially or fully replace one another, forming a solid solution series.All members of the calcite group crystallize in the trigonal system, have perfect rhombohedral cleavage, and …Chalk is typically almost pure calcite, CaCO3, with just 2% to 4% of other minerals. These are usually quartz and clay minerals, though collophane (cryptocrystalline apatite, a phosphate mineral) is also sometimes present, as nodules or as small pellets interpreted as fecal pellets. Answer: gypsum. Below are possible answers for the crossword clue Mineral in chalk. In an effort to arrive at the correct answer, we have thoroughly scrutinized each option and taken into account all relevant information that could provide us with a clue as to which solution is the most accurate. Clue. length. A) breccia has a compacted, clay-rich matrix; conglomerate has no matrix. B) breccia clasts are the size of baseballs; conglomerate clasts are larger. C) breccia clasts are angular; conglomerate clasts are rounded. D) a breccia is well stratified; a conglomerate is poorly stratified.Find Chalk Mineral stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, 3D objects, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection.

Dustless Chalk Powder is a processed variant of Gypsum Powder. Gypsum is a natural mineral and is a comparatively soft sulfate mineral. It is mainly composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (chemical formula is CaSO4·2H2O). Gypsum is a soft mineral which looks either white or has a whitish-grey tinge. Price : INR 12,000 - 14,500 per Metric Tonne ... Insert the inline holder into the inline port of your hot tub. Turn on your tub and enjoy your soak. Way #2. Mineral Sticks. Mineral sticks are probably the easiest way to add minerals to your hot tub. This stick is preloaded with everything you need, and all you have to do is insert it into your cartridge filter.Understanding the chalk-fluid interactions and the associated mineralogical and mechanical alterations on a sub-micron scale are major goals in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Mechanical strength, porosity, and permeability of chalk are linked to mineral dissolution that occurs during brine injections, and affect the reservoir potential. This paper presents a novel “single grain” methodology to ...ENGINEERING FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT Jelgava, 23.-25.05.2018. 777 POSSIBILITY OF USING CHALK IN PRODUCTION OF MINERAL-ORGANIC FERTILIZERS Krzysztof Mudryk, Marek Wrobel, Marcin Jewiarz, Marcin NiemiecFeb 11, 2016 · These minerals are called native elements. Sulfur is the only native element found in Kansas. All other minerals are a combination of two or more elements. Minerals can be identified by their color and hardness. The scale for hardness ranges from 1 to 10; the harder a mineral is, the higher its number. A diamond, which is very hard, rates a 10.

Where is a notary near me.

The name marcasite is derived from the Arabic word for pyrite. This mineral is a common and attractive mineral. It has the same chemical composition as pyrite, but it has a different crystallization system, making is a pseudomorph of pyrite. Without proper analysis aggregates of iron sulphide may be wrongly labelled by dealers.Carbonate Minerals. Generally, the carbonate minerals are found at or near the surface. They represent the Earth's largest storehouse of carbon. They all are on the soft side, from hardness 3 to 4 on the Mohs hardness scale. Every serious rockhound and geologist takes a little vial of hydrochloric acid into the field, just to deal with the ...Magnetic minerals – minerals which show magnetic properties. Two examples are magnetite and hematite Metamorphic rocks - formed from igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks which contain minerals that have been changed by heat, pressure, or chemical action Mineral - occur in nature and have definite chemical compositionsIt is concluded that the zones of occurrence of the major clay minerals as demonstrated in this study are in general agreement with those established by other authors. The non-carbonate content of the Chalk increases from the concealed beds at the Fair Cross site towards the outcrop Chalk of Lambourn and Harwell.

the mineral graphite. It is the "lead" in your pencil. Chalk contains the mineral calcite. But what exactly is a mineral? A mineral is a nonliving solid material found on or in Earth. Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. Each kind of mineral has a certain chemical makeup and physical structure. These give each mineral definite physical ... Chalk is typically almost pure calcite, CaCO3, with just 2% to 4% of other minerals. These are usually quartz and clay minerals, though collophane (cryptocrystalline apatite, a phosphate mineral) is also sometimes present, as nodules or as small pellets interpreted as fecal pellets.Wadi Al- Dha'abi Area. 2. 4. Geological Setting. 3. 5. Mineral Properties. 3. 5.1. Chemical and Physical Properties.Chalk is abundant in west-central Kansas and is as representative of Kansas geology as the sunflower and the cottonwood tree are of the state's plant life or the meadowlark and buffalo are of the animal kingdom. Furthermore, chalk has been a part of the Kansas region not for centuries but for thousands of centuries.Chalk is a variety of limestone composed mainly of calcium carbonate derived from the shells of tiny marine animals known as foraminifera and from the calcareous remains of marine algae known as coccoliths. Chalk is usually white or light gray in color. It is extremely porous, permeable, soft and friable. Chalk. Chalk is a variety of limestone formed from fine-grained marine sediment known as ooze. ... Mineral Show Photos From the 2010 Tucson Gem, Mineral & Fossil Show.Jeans, C.V. (1968) The origin of the montmorillonite of the European Chalk with special reference to the Lower Chalk of England. Clay Miner. 7 , 311 – 329 . CrossRef …Chalk is a sedimentary rock. 2 of 3. 3. Metamorphic rocks ... some of the minerals in the sediment harden and form a kind of cement which sticks the grains of the rock together.Transportation. Beach material can be moved in four different ways. These are: Solution - when minerals in rocks like chalk and limestone are dissolved in sea water and then carried in solution.Preparation The vast majority of calcium carbonate used in industry is extracted by mining or quarrying. Pure calcium carbonate (such as for food or pharmaceutical use), can be produced from a pure quarried source (usually marble ). Alternatively, calcium carbonate is prepared from calcium oxide.

Chalk is a sedimentary rock of unusually high homogeneity on the scale where physical properties are measured, but the properties fall in wide ranges. Chalk may thus be seen as the ideal starting ...

Preparation The vast majority of calcium carbonate used in industry is extracted by mining or quarrying. Pure calcium carbonate (such as for food or pharmaceutical use), can be produced from a pure quarried source (usually marble ). Alternatively, calcium carbonate is prepared from calcium oxide.Download this stock image: Natural chalk mineral background. Calcite Source. white carbonate sedimentary rock, fine-grained, weakly cemented, ...Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcite, a calcium carbonate mineral with a chemical composition of CaCO 3. It usually forms in clear, calm, warm, shallow marine waters. Limestone is usually a biological sedimentary rock, forming from the accumulation of shell, coral, algal, fecal, and other organic debris.Jeans, C.V. (1968) The origin of the montmorillonite of the European Chalk with special reference to the Lower Chalk of England. Clay Miner. 7 , 311 – 329 . CrossRef Google ScholarChalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary rock composed primarily of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate). It is often associated with marine environments and is characterized by its distinctive white color and powdery texture.Quartz,, Tibet. Quartz. Quartz and Hematite Crystals. It is the maximum abundant and widely allotted mineral determined at Earth’s surface. It is abundant all over the arena. In any temperatures. It is abundant in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It is highly resistant to both mechanical and chemical weathering.Finely ground and purified chalk is known as whiting and is used as a filler, extender, or pigment in a wide variety of materials, including ceramics, putty, cosmetics, crayons, plastics, rubber, paper, paints, and linoleum.History of Minerals. P. Dattani & Company, the manufacturers & producers of Whiting Chalk Powder, Chalk Powder, Chalk Loose, Chalk Lumps, Building stone & ...Calcite as chalk: Calcite in the form of chalk from Dover, England. Specimen is about 4 inches (10 centimeters) across. The best way to learn about minerals is to study with a collection of small specimens that you can handle, examine, and observe their properties. Inexpensive mineral collections are available in the Geology.com Store. Image ...

Local weather 15 day forecast.

Meaning of tax incentives.

Jun 8, 2018 · chalk Mineral, mainly calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), formed from the shells of minute marine organisms. It varies in properties and appearance; pure forms, such as calcite, contain up to 99% calcium carbonate. It is used in making putty, plaster and cement, and harder forms are occasionally used for building. The first encounter with people with chalk happened mostly in schools where the teacher writes with chalk on a blackboard. This mineral chalk readily leaves particles allowing them to stick loosely on rough surfaces. Coloured chalk, pastel chalk and sidewalk chalk are used to draw on sidewalks, streets and driveways.Chalk is a soft, white, porous sedimentary mineral. This is form in limestone composed of calcium carbonate. Chalk is well known for his elasticity and ...Chalk is typically almost pure calcite, CaCO3, with just 2% to 4% of other minerals. These are usually quartz and clay minerals, though collophane (cryptocrystalline apatite, a phosphate mineral) is also sometimes present, as nodules or as small pellets interpreted as fecal pellets.Finely ground and purified chalk is known as whiting and is used as a filler, extender, or pigment in a wide variety of materials, including ceramics, putty, cosmetics, crayons, plastics, rubber, paper, paints, and linoleum.Elevate your projects with our premium chalk mineral paint. Achieve a flawless, velvety finish with ease. Whether you're a seasoned pro or a DIY enthusiast, ...The ratio of Si/Al is higher than a typical one for clay minerals because Si excess in chalk is caused by the presence of amorphous silica and quartz. The existence of clays on both chalk samples is a good agreement with reports for other types of chalk from other locations (Bürki et al., 1982, Okhrimenko et al., 2014, Skovbjerg et al., 2012 ...To most geologists, the term " acid test " means placing a drop of dilute (5% to 10%) hydrochloric acid on a rock or mineral and watching for bubbles of carbon dioxide gas to be released. The bubbles signal the presence of carbonate minerals such as calcite, dolomite, or one of the minerals listed in Table 1. ADVERTISEMENT. ….

the mineral graphite. It is the "lead" in your pencil. Chalk contains the mineral calcite. But what exactly is a mineral? A mineral is a nonliving solid material found on or in Earth. Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. Each kind of mineral has a certain chemical makeup and physical structure. These give each mineral definite physical ...Chalk. Chalk is a variety of limestone formed from fine-grained marine sediment known as ooze. Hand Lens. Hand Lens A 10-power folding magnifier in a metal case. A frequently used lab and field tool. ... Mineral & Fossil Show. Oil Sands. Oil Sands contain oil in the form of bitumen - a major oil resource that can be difficult to produce.Chalk. Chalk is a variety of limestone formed from fine-grained marine sediment known as ooze. Hand Lens. Hand Lens A 10-power folding magnifier in a metal case. A frequently used lab and field tool. ... Mineral & Fossil Show. Oil Sands. Oil Sands contain oil in the form of bitumen - a major oil resource that can be difficult to produce.The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Common Rocks and Minerals of Missouri, by Walter David Keller This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License ...Texegy Royalty retained Energy Advisors Group to market for lease its 48,000 net-acre Austin Chalk mineral position, which is an eastward extension of the Brookeland Field in Louisiana. Provided by Energy Advisors Group. Tue, 09/27/2022 - 12:35 PM. The following information is provided by Energy Advisors Group (EAG).Chalk is a non-clastic carbonate sedimentary stone that is a type of limestone composed of the mineral calciteMinerals offers an on-trend colour palette of 7 neutral shades from Chalk to Charcoal, showcasing an elegant stone effect, perfect for tranquil spaces. Varied finishes include Natural, Bush Hammered, Grip and 2cm Grip+ to deliver on performance. With a wide selection of 10 sizes available, ranging from strips of 600x50mm all the way up to …May 23, 2018 · Understanding the chalk-fluid interactions and the associated mineralogical and mechanical alterations on a sub-micron scale are major goals in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Mechanical strength, porosity, and permeability of chalk are linked to mineral dissolution that occurs during brine injections, and affect the reservoir potential. This paper presents a novel “single grain” methodology to ... Oct 11, 2023 · Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary rock composed primarily of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate). It is often associated with marine environments and is characterized by its distinctive white color and powdery texture. Physical properties of rocks are used to identify the type of rocks and to discover more about them. There are various physical properties of Chalk like Hardness, Grain Size, Fracture, Streak, Porosity, Luster, Strength etc which defines it. The physical properties of Chalk rock are vital in determining its Chalk Texture and Chalk Uses. Minerals in chalk, Answers for mineral in tailor's chalk crossword clue, 4 letters. Search for crossword clues found in the Daily Celebrity, NY Times, Daily Mirror, Telegraph and major publications. Find clues for mineral in tailor's chalk or most any crossword answer or clues for crossword answers., A chalk is a soft, friable variety of limestone consisting of poorly lithified calcareous ooze, produced by the accumulation of planktonic organisms in a pelagic (open sea) environment. Chalk is largely made of shells of single-celled marine organisms, such as foraminifera and coccoliths, but fragments of shells of bivalves and ostracods might ... , Chalk is a sedimentary rock. 2 of 3. 3. Metamorphic rocks. ... They do not melt, but the minerals they contain are changed chemically, and form metamorphic rocks., Rocks and minerals can be easily identified once you know what to look for. There are three different types of rocks: Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary. Minerals must meet several requirements, including being naturally occurring and ino..., It is estimated that every person in the United States will use more than three million pounds of rocks, minerals and metals during their lifetime. 900 pounds of lead. 700 pounds of zinc. 1,300 pounds of copper. 3,600 pounds of bauxite (aluminum) 30,000 pounds of ore. 20,000 pounds of clay. 28,000 pounds of salt., Tendency to chemical cement. Ash: unconsolidated fragments under. 4 mm. Tuff: consolidated ash. Volcanic Breccia: angular fragments over 4 mm. Agglomerate: large proportion (>25%) of bombs. These rocks are classified on the proportions of vitric, crystal (mineral), or lithic material they contain, for example, "vitric lithic ash," or "crystal ..., The condition Hypomineralisation is where the tooth enamel, commonly on the molars, contains less mineral and is thereby softer and like chalk. The incidence of this in children is quite high – between 15 – 20% or 1 in 6 children. These figures have been established from over 40 different studies. Within these cases there is a large spectrum of variation – …, Yet some wines, most often white, have a kind of ... stoniness. Or mineral character. Or something.The aroma and taste of Chablis can recall the bottom of a box of blackboard chalk (in a good way)., Jul 9, 2018 · The evidence is reviewed for the various hypotheses put forward to explain the origin of the Chalk montmorillonite. Recent X-ray investigation of the mineralogy of the acid-insoluble clay fractions (buffered 2 N acetic acid at pH 3; <2 µ e.s.d.) of the Lower Chalk of England sheds light on the origin of the montmorillonite. , MFA# 53.2441. A soft, porous white mineral composed of fine-grain Limestone. Also called whiting, pure varieties of chalk contain up to 99 percent Calcium carbonate as the mineral Calcite. Chalk was formed in the Cretaceous period and occurs naturally in thick beds in many parts of the world, such as the chalk cliffs along the English Channel., Minerals are essential to the life of plants and animals. Most plants get minerals from the soil. ... Chalk is a soft fine-grained limestone formed in the oceans from ..., Test Diamond Dolomite Gneiss Chalk Density 3.52 g/cm3 2.8-2.9 g/cm3 2.7-3.2 g/cm3 2.3 g/cm3 Texture/Grain N/A Fine-grained Coarse-grained Very fine-grained HCl Reactivity Does not react Weak reaction Does not react Strong reaction Mineral Composition Carbon Dolomite, Calcite Quartz, Feldspar, Mica Calcite Appearance Clear, crystalline White to ... , ... chalk, red chalk wash, black chalk (at center). Red, black, and white chalk are naturally occurring minerals mined from the earth. Easy to use, they require ..., Understanding the chalk-fluid interactions and the associated mineralogical and mechanical alterations on a sub-micron scale are major goals in Enhanced Oil …, Chert is a sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ). It occurs as nodules, concretionary masses, and as layered deposits. Chert breaks with a conchoidal fracture, often producing very sharp edges. Early people took advantage of how chert breaks and used it to fashion ..., Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O. It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, drywall and blackboard or sidewalk chalk. Gypsum also crystallizes as translucent crystals of selenite. , Chalk, a sedimentary rock, is a soft form of limestone that is not well cemented and thus is often powdery and brittle. It usually ranges in color from white to light gray to buff and forms from sediment deposited in a saltwater environment. Composed mostly of the mineral calcite and formed mainly from the remains of floating microorganisms and ..., May 23, 2018 · Understanding the chalk-fluid interactions and the associated mineralogical and mechanical alterations on a sub-micron scale are major goals in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Mechanical strength, porosity, and permeability of chalk are linked to mineral dissolution that occurs during brine injections, and affect the reservoir potential. This paper presents a novel “single grain” methodology to ... , The chalk and limestone soils were formed from the shells and skeletons of sea animals of various sizes. These rocks are mainly calcium carbonate but in some cases also contain magnesium carbonate. ... Chemical weathering is the breakdown of the mineral matter in a developing soil brought about by the action of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and ..., madebypaint's beautiful furniture paints and finishes are Australia's best range of chalk and clay paints and finishes., According to XRD, DTA, geochemistry and electron microscopy data of a few selected samples, three categories of smectitic clay minerals occur in the Cenomanian and Turonian chalks sampled in several sections of northern France. The first one corresponds to detrital illitesmectite mixed-layers reworked from pedogenic blankets., Granite is an Igneous rock composed of quartz, biotite, muscovite, feldspars, and occasionally several others, including hornblende, zircon, augite, and magnetite. Typically, granite is between 70 and 77 % silica, 11 to 13% alumina, 3 to 5 % potassium oxide and a smaller percentage containing soda, lime, and iron. , Chalk is rather simple in terms of its mineralogy, with the major constituent being calcite and minor occurrences (0–10 wt% [weight percent]) of other minerals (e.g., dolomite,, These minerals are called native elements. Sulfur is the only native element found in Kansas. All other minerals are a combination of two or more elements. Minerals can be identified by their color and hardness. The scale for hardness ranges from 1 to 10; the harder a mineral is, the higher its number. A diamond, which is very hard, rates a 10., Understanding the chalk-fluid interactions and the associated mineralogical and mechanical alterations on a sub-micron scale are major goals in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Mechanical strength, porosity, and permeability of chalk are linked to mineral dissolution that occurs during brine injections, and affect the reservoir potential. This paper presents a novel …, Streak color: from observing results of scratching a mineral against a streak plate. Magnetism: from observing results of moving a sample close to a paper clip. Chemical reaction to 10% HCl: from observing results of dropping cold dilute HCl onto a sample. Cleavage: from observing number and angles between planar surfaces of a broken …, Jun 24, 2021 · A: Chalk paint and mineral paint are different products. However, some brands call their chalk paint “chalk mineral paint”. This product is still just chalk paint; however, it is likely to be pigmented with mineral pigments instead of synthetic pigments. For example, Dixie Belle Chalk Mineral Paint is the original Dixie Belle paint line. , Chert occurs in carbonate rocks that are greensand, limestone, chalk, and dolostone formations as exchange mineral, where it is formed as a result of some type of diagenesis. if where it occurs in chalk or marl, it is called flint. It also occurs in thin beds, when it is a primary deposit (such as with many jaspers and radiolarites)., Minerals and Gemstones Found In Kentucky. 1. Fluorite. Fluorite is among the stones found in Kentucky, and the state actually has some great examples of it. Fluorite is a mineral comprised of CaF₂, or calcium fluoride. It comes in many different colors, and it’s among the most common stones for beginning rockhounds to purchase., Talc is the softest known mineral on earth and is used in numerous products including chalk, crayons, paint, rubber, cosmetics, ceramics and pharmaceuticals. Most famously, manufacturers use this mineral for making talcum powder (commonly marketed as baby powder). Consumers have sought legal counsel over asbestos exposure from …, Chalk is an extremely soft sedimentary rock that forms under the sea due to the gradual accumulation of plates of calcite (a mineral form of calcium carbonate) and very small amounts of clay and silt. The famous white cliffs of Dover are an extraordinary example of a chalk rock formation, from which these little chunks of rock were gathered ..., Chalk is a sedimentary rock. 2 of 3. 3. Metamorphic rocks ... some of the minerals in the sediment harden and form a kind of cement which sticks the grains of the rock together., Magnesium carbonate, most often referred to as "chalk", is also used as a drying agent on athletes' hands in rock climbing, gymnastics, weightlifting and other sports in which a firm grip is necessary. As a food additive, magnesium carbonate is known as E504. Its only known side effect is that it may work as a laxative in high concentrations.