Contagion in networks

Contagion definition, the communication of disease by direct or indirect contact. See more.

Financial Networks and Contagion. SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 80. Bilateral Exposures and Systemic Solvency Risk. SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 348. Risk Propagation through Payment Distortion in Supply Chains. SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 108. Volume 64, Issue 2. February 2018. Pages v-x, 495-981.Similarly, the analysis of the contagion network on the trade front indicates a great transformation between the regions of the world, indicating consequently the advent of a large-scale shock that is COVID-19 and especially the containment policy that has had a significant effect on bilateral relations (see Fig. 2).The shutdown during the period of the …Using a case study of a newly emerging CSA, the role of social contagion in network evolution will be assessed. The merit of this research stems from its central task of …First, moral contagion may be an antecedent process feeding into polarization or the increased distance among members of different political ideologies in online social networks (Barberá, Jost, Nagler, Tucker, & Bonneau, 2015; Brady et al., 2017) that people across the political spectrum have argued is a significant threat to civil discourse ...Dec 28, 2015 · Contagion in Financial Networks by Paul Glasserman and H. Peyton Young. Published in volume 54, issue 3, pages 779-831 of Journal of Economic Literature, September 2016, Abstract: The recent financial crisis has prompted much new research on the interconnectedness of the modern financial system and... Abstract. This paper develops an analytical model of contagion in financial networks with arbitrary structure. We explore how the probability and potential impact of contagion is influenced by aggregate and idiosyncratic shocks, changes in network structure, and asset market liquidity.

Here, we propose an alternative method for detecting emotional contagion in massive social networks that is based on instrumental variables regression, a technique pioneered in economics [23]. In an experiment we would directly control each user's emotional expression to see what impact it has on their friends' emotional expression.To avoid these limits, this paper analyzes contagion risk in endogenous financial networks, which includes interbank networks, inter-firm networks and bank-firm networks. Closest to our work is Delli Gatti et al. [12]. However, our paper is different from theirs in network formation. The network formation in this paper is endogenous, while that ...Aug 5, 2021 · In this paper, we show how GNN, usually used for structure learning, can also be used to model contagion dynamics on complex networks. Our contribution is threefold. First, we design a training ... Back to Our Network. Ho Chi Minh City. Location Type: Office; Time: Loading local time... Phone: +84 8382 57996; Fax: +84 8382 42996; Email: [email protected]; Address. Room 301, 3rd floor, Citilight Tower 45 Vo Thi Sau, Da Kao Ward, District 1 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam. Get Directions.Scientific Reports (2018) The threshold model has been widely adopted as a classic model for studying contagion processes on social networks. We consider asymmetric individual interactions in ...The structure of this paper is organized as follows. The second part constructs a dynamic risk contagion model of inter-firm credit guarantee network. The third part simulates and analyzes the dynamic risk contagion mechanism of inter-firm credit guarantee network when firm assets are impacted. Finally, the conclusions of this paper are obtained.Oct 9, 2013 · Section 3.1 illustrates how the resilience measure allows us to quantify and predict the outcome of contagion on one sample network generated from a random network model that mimics the properties of a real interbank exposure network analyzed in Cont et al. . We observe that networks with the same average connectivity may amplify initial shocks ...

Systemic Risk and Stability in Financial Networks Daron Acemogluy Asuman Ozdaglarz Alireza Tahbaz-Salehix This version: January 2013 First version: December 2011 Abstract We provide a framework for studying the relationship between the financial network architecture and the likelihood of systemic failures due to contagion of counterparty risk.Simplicial contagion in temporal higher-order networks - IOPscience Journal of Physics: Complexity Paper • Open access Simplicial contagion in temporal higher-order networks Sandeep Chowdhary5,1, Aanjaneya Kumar2, Giulia Cencetti3, Iacopo Iacopini1,4 and Federico Battiston1 Published 26 July 2021 • © 2021 The Author (s).Contagion theory is mixed. Results Naive contagion estimates. We estimated social contagion in the exercise behaviours of runners worldwide in a data set that precisely records the geographic locations, social network ties and daily running patterns of B1.1M individuals, who ran B359Mkm in a global social network of runners over 5 years.networks.5 The dynamics of conflict and contagion on the CP-star yield extremal outcomes: either (almost) all nodes survive and remain connected or all nodes are captured. Consider next a network with two equally defended hub nodes and an equal number of periphery nodes linked to either hub.The aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the literature on financial contagion in networks. We aim to do this by focusing on a limited number of papers in some formal …Jan 1, 2022 · In financial networks links stand for loan agreements between financial institutions which are represented by the nodes of the network. There are two types of contagion that have been studied on networks formed by financial links. The first type of contagion is caused by insolvencies and flows from borrowers to lenders.

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Abstract. This contribution studies the effects of credit contagion on the credit risk of a portfolio of bank loans. To this aim we introduce a model that takes into account the counterparty risk in a network of interdependent firms that describes the presence of business relations among different firms. The location of the firms is simulated ...The propagation of financial contagion in networks with dense clustering which reflects high concentration or localization of exposures between few participants will be identified as one that is TITF.New contagion measures based on theories of copula, heavy-tailed distributions and networks are introduced. The measures are applied to study …Table 1. Four different models and corresponding algorithms describe influence or information spreading in social networks. Alg-cc and Sim-sc, indicated by the green colour, are basic models for describing complex contagion and simple contagion processes, respectively. Alg-cc is based on an analytical mathematical expression.We explore how the probability and potential impact of contagion is influenced by aggregate and idiosyncratic shocks, changes in network structure and asset market liquidity. Our findings suggest that financial systems exhibit a robust-yet-fragile tendency: while the probability of contagion may be low, the effects can be extremely widespread ...

Risk Sharing and Contagion in Networks | The Review of Financial Studies | Oxford Academic We investigate the socially optimal design of financial networks, that allows to tackle the trade-off between risk sharing and contagion. We identify conditions Skip to Main Content Advertisement Journals Books Search Menu Menu Navbar Search FilterIn other words, the model of contagion in graphons is a good approximation of network contagion in any large enough sampled network. The proofs of Theorem 1a, Theorem 1b, which use concentration inequalities and the notion of cohesive sets, are given in Appendix C. 5. Optimal seeding problemsContagion is not necessarily a positive or negative force of encounter; it is how society comes together and relates. The book argues that a biological knowledge of contagion has been universally distributed by way of the rhetoric of fear in the antivirus industry and other popular discourses surrounding network culture.FIGURE 1.Illustration of a contagion process. The adoption of norms, behaviors, ideas, technological items, etc. is typically modeled as a spreading process over a network of social contacts. Red and blue nodes of the social network denote, respectively, the adopters (or infected individuals) and the non-adopters (or susceptible) of the item that is …Many behavioral phenomena have been found to spread interpersonally through social networks, in a manner similar to infectious diseases. An important difference between social contagion and traditional infectious diseases, however, is that behavioral phenomena can be acquired by non-social mechanisms as well as through social transmission.We explore how the probability and potential impact of contagion is influenced by aggregate and idiosyncratic shocks, changes in network structure and asset market liquidity. Our findings suggest that financial systems exhibit a robust-yet-fragile tendency: while the probability of contagion may be low, the effects can be extremely widespread ...The financial crisis of 2007–2008 produced an enormous impact on financial, social and political levels for many world countries (see e.g. [1, 2]).After this crisis the importance of contagion in financial networks gained a practical importance and generated serious academic research with various models proposed for the description of this …This paper studies the problem of identifying the contagion source when partial timestamps of a contagion process are available. Contagion processes can be used to model many real-world phenomena, including rumor spreading in online social networks, epidemics in human beings, and malware on the Internet. Informally speaking, locating …Complex networks represent the natural backbone to study epidemic processes in populations of interacting individuals. Such a modeling framework, …First, we derive a contagion ripple-spreading network model (CRNM) from the pioneering work of Hu et al. (2011) to reveal the ripple-spreading paths of financial contagion. In the CRNM, we integrate information on the amplifying effect and risk prevention capability of financial markets, market distances, and contagion spreading …To this end, we suggest the possibility of designing an in-silico experiment in which homophily is arbitrarily tuned by artificially affecting the social network structure, for example by introducing an ad-hoc community structure [53–55], and contagion is thus analyzed in light of the controlled homophily mechanism.In prior research, such propagation of behavior on social networks has been found to exhibit a transition from simple contagion—i.e, based on pairwise interactions—to a complex one—i.e ...

Introduction The aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the literature on financial contagion in networks. We aim to do this by focusing on a limited number of papers in some formal detail, trying to illustrate their analogies and differences as much as possible within a common framework. We divide the discussion in two parts.

Risk-sharing and contagion in networks Antonio Cabrales University College London Piero Gottardi European University Institute Fernando Vega-Redondo Universit a Bocconi April 9, 2014 Abstract We investigate the trade-o between the risk-sharing gains enjoyed by more intercon-nected rms and the costs resulting from an increased risk exposure.To study the transition from simple to complex contagion in the LFC, we consider networks of N + 1 = 240 agents. This is significantly smaller than for the LTM, but the ...Downloadable! We study the formation of networks in environments where agents derive benefits from other agents directly linked to them but suffer losses through contagion when any agent on a path connected to them is hit by a shock. We first consider networks with undirected links (e.g. epidemics, underground resistance organizations, trade networks) where we find that stable …Contagion risk in global export networks. The export network of products between different countries of the world can spread the risk derived from geopolitical decision-making, and the effects of climate change or natural disasters. States can contract dependency relationships. Therefore, if state B becomes the main destination of exports …layer/multiplex nature of the networks involved in the propagation. To this end, in this work, we develop and analyze a multi-stage contagion model on multiplex net-works. For simplicity, we assume that there are two types of links, red and blue in the network, and three stages, in-active, active, and hyper-active, representing the possibleFinancial Contagion in Core–Periphery Networks and Real Economy. Asako Chiba. Published 1 March 2020. Economics. Computational Economics. The recent global financial crisis has revealed that borrowing and lending among banks and other financial intermediaries makes it possible for a shock to a single bank to spread through the entire …The Adversary then allocates attack resources on nodes; if an attack succeeds then the Adversary decides on how successful resources should navigate the network. We obtain two principal results. One, we show that in a wide variety of circumstances a star network with all defence resources allocated to the central node is optimal for the Designer.tion is how network structure interacts with other potential sources of contagion. In the run-up to the crisis, leverage levels increased and capital buffers at some banks were extremely thin. Large financial institutions had increased their reliance on short-term Contagion in Financial Networks † Paul Glasserman and H. Peyton Young*

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Abstract. In this paper, we investigate contagion risk in an endogenous financial network, which is characterized by credit relationships connecting downstream and upstream firms, interbank credit ...Multilayer networks represent systems in which there are several topological levels each one representing one kind of interaction or interdependency between the systems' elements. These networks have attracted a lot of attention recently because their study allows considering different dynamical modes concurrently.Many behavioral phenomena have been found to spread interpersonally through social networks, in a manner similar to infectious diseases. An important difference between social contagion and traditional infectious diseases, however, is that behavioral phenomena can be acquired by non-social mechanisms as well as through social transmission.tion is how network structure interacts with other potential sources of contagion. In the run-up to the crisis, leverage levels increased and capital buffers at some banks were extremely thin. Large financial institutions had increased their reliance on short-term Contagion in Financial Networks † Paul Glasserman and H. Peyton Young*The end of 3G is here and AT&T along with the other carriers will be shutting down their network this year to make room for 5G. The end of 3G is here and AT&T along with the other carriers will be shutting down their network this year to ma...The discount rate and the rollover ratio play significant roles in determining the contagion effects. If the credit shock and liquidity shock coincide, the contagion effects will be amplified.,The results of this paper reveal the network structure of China's interbank market and the resilience of banking system to the adverse shock.of contagion in networks and prove their theoretical properties. Our algorithms are easy to implement and help to quantify relationships previously inaccessible due to computational intractability. Using these algo-rithms, we study the spread of contagion in scale-free networks with 1,000 players using millions of Monte Carlo simulations.properties of network flows to investigate the relation between the structures of a financial network-i.e. the size and the pattern of obligations - and its exposure to default contagion. Key words: systemic risk, financial contagion, financial networks, flow networks. JEL classification: C63, G01, G33… Mario Eboli Università "G. d'Annunzio"FIGURE 1.Illustration of a contagion process. The adoption of norms, behaviors, ideas, technological items, etc. is typically modeled as a spreading process over a network of social contacts. Red and blue nodes of the social network denote, respectively, the adopters (or infected individuals) and the non-adopters (or susceptible) of the item that is …Systemic Risk and Stability in Financial Networks Daron Acemogluy Asuman Ozdaglarz Alireza Tahbaz-Salehix This version: January 2013 First version: December 2011 Abstract We provide a framework for studying the relationship between the financial network architecture and the likelihood of systemic failures due to contagion of counterparty risk.Antonio Cabrales & Piero Gottardi & Fernando Vega-Redondo, 2017. " Risk Sharing and Contagion in Networks ," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30 (9), pages 3086-3127. Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:30:y:2017:i:9:p:3086-3127. We investigate the socially optimal design of financial networks, that allows to tackle the ...contagion: [noun] a contagious disease. the transmission of a disease by direct or indirect contact. a disease-producing agent (such as a virus). ….

A major motivation for considering Granger causality lies in its possible applications to networks and contagion analysis (see e.g. [6]). Looking at any pair of institutions, the possible mutual ...Contagion in Financial Networks 3 sheets. The interactions between –nancial intermediaries following shocks make for non-linear system dynamics, and our model provides a framework for isolating the probability and spread of contagion when claims and obligations are interlinked. We –nd that –nancial systems exhibit a robust-yet-fragile ...Are you looking for a reliable television provider that offers a wide range of packages and prices? Dish Network is a great option for those who want to get the most out of their TV experience.In financial networks links stand for loan agreements between financial institutions which are represented by the nodes of the network. There are two types of contagion that have been studied on networks formed by financial links. The first type of contagion is caused by insolvencies and flows from borrowers to lenders. “This book is an attempt to crystallize the early results of research that focusses on the basic modelling structure of financial systemic risk in a financial network. … The book will be useful for those working and researching in the areas of systemic risk, financial networks and risk management.” (Anatoliy Swishchuk, zbMATH 1369.91005 ...Contagion is a process whereby the collapse of a node in a network leads to the collapse of neighboring nodes and thereby sets off a chain reaction in the network. ... Visual analytics methods can help analysts examine contagion effects. For this purpose, network visualizations need to be complemented with specific features to illustrate the ...There are actually some ways that social networking can help your career. Visit HowStuffWorks to find 5 ways social networking can help your career. Advertisement You may have heard the old adage: "It's all about who you know." This stateme...Given ɛ > 0, a defended network (g, d) is ɛ-optimal if for all defended networks (g′, d ′). 2.2. Application: computer network security. We discuss the problem …Similarly, the analysis of the contagion network on the trade front indicates a great transformation between the regions of the world, indicating consequently the advent of a large-scale shock that is COVID-19 and especially the containment policy that has had a significant effect on bilateral relations (see Fig. 2).The shutdown during the period of the … Contagion in networks, Contagion is not necessarily a positive or negative force of encounter; it is how society comes together and relates. The book argues that a biological knowledge of contagion has been universally distributed by way of the rhetoric of fear in the antivirus industry and other popular discourses surrounding network culture., Thus, with bankruptcy costs, the probability of contagion is at least ( 1 - ( 57 / 150)) q = 0.62 q, which is now greater than the probability of direct defaults through independent shocks. A similar comparison holds with truncated exponentially distributed shocks. This example illustrates how bankruptcy costs increase the probability of contagion., Contagion Risks and Systemic Stability in Financial Networks. Jingqian Tian, 1Chao Wang, 2Xiaoxing Liu, 1and Longmiao Qiu 1. Academic Editor: Anna M. Gil-Lafuente. Received 05 Aug 2021. Revised 15 Oct 2021. Accepted 09 Nov 2021., properties of network flows to investigate the relation between the structures of a financial network-i.e. the size and the pattern of obligations - and its exposure to default contagion. Key words: systemic risk, financial contagion, financial networks, flow networks. JEL classification: C63, G01, G33… Mario Eboli Università "G. d'Annunzio", According to social contagion theory [29, 30], a person's attitudes and behavior can be contagious to others in their social networks [31]. Thus, people tend to adapt their actions to the behavior ..., Aug 5, 2021 · In this paper, we show how GNN, usually used for structure learning, can also be used to model contagion dynamics on complex networks. Our contribution is threefold. First, we design a training ... , The European Union’s chief Ursula von der Leyen has told an American audience that the conflict contagion could spread to the Indo-Pacific.. Speaking to the …, A contagion, like a virus or bacteria, is the agent responsible for causing contagious diseases. The disease itself can also be called a contagion. Contagious diseases can be spread by an infected person for varying lengths of time. With a viral infection, the length that one is contagious can vary depending on the virus., Happiness and other emotions spread between people in direct contact, but it is unclear whether massive online social networks also contribute to this spread. Here, we elaborate a novel method for measuring the contagion of emotional expression. With data from millions of Facebook users, we show that rainfall directly influences the emotional content of …, Using these algorithms, we study the spread of contagion in scale-free networks with 1,000 players using millions of Monte Carlo simulations. Our analysis provides quantitative and qualitative ..., Distinguishing influence-based contagion from homophily-driven diffusion in dynamic networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 106 (51) , 21544 – 21549 . CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed, Feinstein Zachary & El-Masri Fatena, 2017. "The effects of leverage requirements and fire sales on financial contagion via asset liquidation strategies in financial networks," Statistics & Risk Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 34(3-4), pages 113-139, September.Bardoscia, Marco & Barucca, Paolo & Brinley Codd, Adam & Hill, John, 2017. "The decline of solvency …, “This book is an attempt to crystallize the early results of research that focusses on the basic modelling structure of financial systemic risk in a financial network. … The book will be useful for those working and researching in the areas of systemic risk, financial networks and risk management.” (Anatoliy Swishchuk, zbMATH 1369.91005 ..., In brief, we use a diverse ensemble of simulated scale-free networks to test a variety of common social influence models, including: (1) the complex contagion model, using heterogeneous ..., Considering financial contagion has ripple effects, this paper proposes using contagion ripple-spreading network model to reveal the paths of financial contagion from different contagion source to the whole Chinese financial system, and study financial institutions’ systemic importance. We first study the contagion ripple-spreading process …, Jul 30, 2014 · Our article contributes to this literature by developing a general framework for the study of optimal network design and defence in a setting with strategic conflict and contagion dynamics. The analysis of this framework yields results on optimality of CP-star and multi-hub networks that are new. , Abstract. This paper studies intertemporal asset pricing in network economies when distress shocks can propagate through the network, similarly to epidemic outbreaks. Two classes of equilibria exist. In the first, idiosyncratic shocks are diversifiable and do not affect valuations; the consumption capital asset pricing model applies., Contagion effects, also known as peer effects or social influence process, have become more and more central to social science, especially with the availability of longitudinal social network data. However, contagion effects are usually difficult to identify, as they are often entangled with other factors, such as homophily in the selection ..., Distinguishing influence-based contagion from homophily-driven diffusion in dynamic networks Sinan Arala,b,1, Lev Muchnika, and Arun Sundararajana aInformation, Operations and Management Sciences Department, Stern School of Business, New York University, Kaufmann Management Center, 44 West 4th Street, New York, NY 10012; and bCenter …, The First Health Network is a group of providers that accept First Health insurance and provide services to members at reduced rates, according to the First Health website. More than two million members use the First Health Network to meet ..., Accessing your cable network’s channel guide can help you plan which shows you want to watch, and how. Plus, if your cable subscription offers DVR functions, you can plan to record your favorite shows so you don’t miss a beat., In our model, we consider the coevolution of two spreading processes on a weighted multiplex network (see Fig. 2).The first is the process of social contagion spreading, S h IR, which is a SIR ..., Introduction The aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the literature on financial contagion in networks. We aim to do this by focusing on a limited number of papers in some formal detail, trying to illustrate their analogies and differences as much as possible within a common framework. We divide the discussion in two parts., Abstract. The vast majority of strategies aimed at controlling contagion processes on networks consider a timescale separation between the evolution of the …, Contagion is defined as a significant increase in cross-market co-movement of asset returns (Dungey et al., Citation 2004; Forbes & Rigobon, Citation 2002). According to Forbes and Rigobon (Citation 2002) and Celik (Citation 2012), the co-movements between financial markets may arise from the contagion or interdependence among financial markets ..., Network contagion models are relevant policy tools to monitor systemic risk. We study how the presence of a community structure affects liquidity contagion. The presence of communities highly affects contagion in simulated banking systems. We also test the potential effects on contagion risk of several stylized policies., Explosive contagion in SIS epidemics. The evolution of the spreading process depends both on transmission rates and dynamical rules imposed. For concreteness, we start the analysis by employing the exponential synergistic transmission rates (2) for contagion dynamics given by the rules of the SIS epidemic model applied to …, Contagion is the spread of market changes or disturbances from one regional market to others. Contagion can refer to the diffusion of either economic booms …, Understanding the emotional contagion process in the crowd will help to take measures in advance to avoid the large-scale spread of negative emotions in emergencies and reduce the loss of lives and properties. Studying the phase transition phenomenon is fundamental to analyzing and evaluating the crowd emotional …, Streaming content from the Sec Plus Network has never been easier. With a few simple steps, you can start streaming your favorite shows and movies today. Here’s how to get started: The first step is to sign up for an account on the Sec Plus..., Downloadable! We represent a social system as a network of agents and model the process of technology diffusion as a contagion propagating in such a network. By setting the necessary conditions for an agent to switch (ie. to adopt the technology), we address the question of how to maximize the contagion of a technology subject to a Moore’s law …, The network is particularly vulnerable to contagion when the originating node is large, highly leveraged, and, crucially, has a relatively high proportion of its obligations held by other financial institutions as opposed to the nonfinancial sector, what we will call high financial connectivity., In other words, the model of contagion in graphons is a good approximation of network contagion in any large enough sampled network. The proofs of Theorem 1a, Theorem 1b, which use concentration inequalities and the notion of cohesive sets, are given in Appendix C. 5. Optimal seeding problems