Math calculus formula

From The Book: Pre-Calculus: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies (+ Free Online Practice) Mathematical formulas are equations that are always true. You can use them in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and many other mathematical applications, including pre-calculus. Refer to these formulas when you need a quick reminder of exactly what those ...

Math calculus formula. Differential Calculus. Differential calculus deals with the rate of change of one quantity with respect to another. Or you can consider it as a study of rates of change of quantities. For example, velocity is the rate of change of distance with respect to time in a particular direction. If f (x) is a function, then f' (x) = dy/dx is the ...

Calculus is designed for the typical two- or three-semester general calculus course, incorporating innovative features to enhance student learning. The book guides students through the core concepts of calculus and helps them understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. Due to the comprehensive …

The word Calculus comes from Latin meaning "small stone", Because it is like understanding something by looking at small pieces. Differential Calculus cuts something into small pieces to find how it changes. Integral Calculus joins (integrates) the small pieces together to find how much there is. Read Introduction to Calculus or "how fast right ... Trig Cheat Sheet - Here is a set of common trig facts, properties and formulas. A unit circle (completely filled out) is also included. Currently this cheat sheet is 4 pages long. Complete Calculus Cheat Sheet - This contains common facts, definitions, properties of limits, derivatives and integrals.CalculusCheatSheet Extrema AbsoluteExtrema 1.x = c isanabsolutemaximumoff(x) if f(c) f(x) forallx inthedomain. 2.x = c isanabsoluteminimumoff(x) if maths 1080P, 2K, 4K, 5K HD wallpapers free download, these wallpapers are free download for PC, laptop, iphone, android phone and ipad desktopThe integration formulas have been broadly presented as the following sets of formulas. The formulas include basic integration formulas, integration of trigonometric ratios, inverse trigonometric functions, the product of functions, and some advanced set of integration formulas.Basically, integration is a way of uniting the part to find a whole. It …Calculus, a branch of mathematics founded by Newton and Leibniz, deals with the pace of transition. Calculus Math is commonly used in mathematical simulations to find the best solutions. It aids us in understanding the changes between values that are linked by a purpose.What are the basic Maths formulas? The basic Maths formulas include arithmetic operations, where we learn to add, subtract, multiply and divide. Also, algebraic identities help to solve equations. Some of the formulas are: (a + b) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + 2ab. (a – b) 2 = a 2 + b 2 – 2ab. a 2 – b 2 = (a + b) (a – b) Q2.Product rule. In calculus, the product rule (or Leibniz rule [1] or Leibniz product rule) is a formula used to find the derivatives of products of two or more functions. For two functions, it may be stated in Lagrange's notation as. The rule may be extended or generalized to products of three or more functions, to a rule for higher-order ...

Welcome to my math notes site. Contained in this site are the notes (free and downloadable) that I use to teach Algebra, Calculus (I, II and III) as well as Differential Equations at Lamar University. The notes contain the usual topics that are taught in those courses as well as a few extra topics that I decided to include just because I wanted to.Trigonometry formulas are sets of different formulas involving trigonometric identities, used to solve problems based on the sides and angles of a right-angled triangle. Additionally, there are many trigonometric identities and formulas that can be used to simplify expressions, solve equations, and evaluate integrals.Calculus is designed for the typical two- or three-semester general calculus course, incorporating innovative features to enhance student learning. The book guides students through the core concepts of calculus and helps them understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. Due to the comprehensive …Newton’s Method Approximation Formula. Newton’s method is a technique that tries to find a root of an equation. To begin, you try to pick a number that’s “close” to the value of a root and call this value x1. Picking x1 may involve some trial and error; if you’re dealing with a continuous function on some interval (or possibly the ...ISAAC NEWTON: Math & Calculus. Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) In the heady atmosphere of 17th Century England, with the expansion of the British empire in full swing, grand old universities like Oxford and Cambridge were producing many great scientists and mathematicians. But the greatest of them all was undoubtedly Sir Isaac Newton.

This is the introduction, it introduces the concept by way of the product rule in differential calculus, and how you can derive the IBP formula from the PR. The next videos will show …Integral Calculus Formulas. Similar to differentiation formulas, we have integral formulas as well. Let us go ahead and look at some of the integral calculus formulas. Methods of Finding Integrals of Functions. We have different methods to find the integral of a given function in integral calculus. The most commonly used methods of integration are:Mar 26, 2016 · From The Book: Pre-Calculus: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies (+ Free Online Practice) Mathematical formulas are equations that are always true. You can use them in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and many other mathematical applications, including pre-calculus. Refer to these formulas when you need a quick reminder of exactly what those ... W =F d W = F d. However, most forces are not constant and will depend upon where exactly the force is acting. So, let’s suppose that the force at any x x is given by F (x) F ( x). Then the work done by the force in moving an object from x = a x = a to x = b x = b is given by, W =∫ b a F (x) dx W = ∫ a b F ( x) d x.Sep 25, 2018 · Trig Cheat Sheet - Here is a set of common trig facts, properties and formulas. A unit circle (completely filled out) is also included. Currently this cheat sheet is 4 pages long. Complete Calculus Cheat Sheet - This contains common facts, definitions, properties of limits, derivatives and integrals. Algebra and Differential Calculus in Higher Mathematics and Science Education with Handwritten Mathematical Symbols like Functions, Infinity Symbol, Variable Operations and more Math concept - Mathematical integral formulas on blue background. 3d rendering

Ku game live score.

So what does ddx x 2 = 2x mean?. It means that, for the function x 2, the slope or "rate of change" at any point is 2x.. So when x=2 the slope is 2x = 4, as shown here:. Or when x=5 the slope is 2x = 10, and so on. Calculus 1 8 units · 171 skills. Unit 1 Limits and continuity. Unit 2 Derivatives: definition and basic rules. Unit 3 Derivatives: chain rule and other advanced topics. Unit 4 Applications of derivatives. Unit 5 Analyzing functions. Unit 6 Integrals. Unit 7 Differential equations. Unit 8 Applications of integrals.The curvature measures how fast a curve is changing direction at a given point. There are several formulas for determining the curvature for a curve. The formal definition of curvature is, κ = ∥∥ ∥d →T ds ∥∥ ∥ κ = ‖ d T → d s ‖. where →T T → is the unit tangent and s s is the arc length. Recall that we saw in a ...Integral Calculus Formulas. Similar to differentiation formulas, we have integral formulas as well. Let us go ahead and look at some of the integral calculus formulas. Methods of Finding Integrals of Functions. We have different methods to find the integral of a given function in integral calculus. The most commonly used methods of integration are:VECTOR CALCULUS: USEFUL STUFF Revision of Basic Vectors A scalar is a physical quantity with magnitude only A vector is a physical quantity with magnitude and direction A unit vector has magnitude one. In Cartesian coordinates a = a 1e 1 +a 2e 2 +a 3e 3 = (a 1,a 2,a 3) Magnitude: |a| = p a2 1 +a2 2 +a2 3 The position vector r = (x,y,z) The dot ...Calculus Cheat Sheet Visit http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu for a complete set of Calculus notes. © 2005 Paul Dawkins Chain Rule Variants The chain rule applied to ...

Researchers have devised a mathematical formula for calculating just how much you'll procrastinate on that Very Important Thing you've been putting off doing. Researchers have devised a mathematical formula for calculating just how much you...Math 21a: Multivariable Calculus. Formula and Theorem Review. Tommy MacWilliam, '13 [email protected]. December 15, 2009. 1. Page 2 ...Integral Calculus 5 units · 97 skills. Unit 1 Integrals. Unit 2 Differential equations. Unit 3 Applications of integrals. Unit 4 Parametric equations, polar coordinates, and vector-valued functions. Unit 5 Series. Course challenge. Test your knowledge of the skills in this course. Start Course challenge. Jul 12, 2015 ... <strong>Formulas</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Calculus</strong>, <strong>Math</strong> 170 JTThis is a work-in-progress.It was just a Calculus I substitution. However, from a practical standpoint the integral was significantly more difficult than the integral we evaluated in Example 2. So, the moral of the story here is that we can use either formula (provided we can get the function in the correct form of course) however one will often be significantly easier ...Jun 9, 2018 · Calculus was invented by Newton who invented various laws or theorem in physics and mathematics. List of Basic Calculus Formulas. A list of basic formulas and rules for differentiation and integration gives us the tools to study operations available in basic calculus. Calculus is also popular as “A Baking Analogy” among mathematicians. But we can see that it is going to be 2. We want to give the answer "2" but can't, so instead mathematicians say exactly what is going on by using the special word "limit". The limit of (x2−1) (x−1) as x approaches 1 is 2. And it is written in symbols as: lim x→1 x2−1 x−1 = 2. So it is a special way of saying, "ignoring what happens ...These Math formulas can be used to solve the problems of various important topics such as algebra, mensuration, calculus, trigonometry, probability, etc. Q4: Why are Math formulas important? Answer: Math formulas are important because they help us to solve complex problems based on conditional probability, algebra, mensuration, calculus ...Advanced Engineering Mathematics – Erwin Kreyszig - 10th edition. Topics Sub topics and Example Exercise. Laplace Transformation (Chapter- 6) Definition (P-203) Derivation of …Integration can be used to find areas, volumes, central points and many useful things. It is often used to find the area underneath the graph of a function and the x-axis. The first rule to know is that integrals and derivatives are opposites! Sometimes we can work out an integral, because we know a matching derivative.Mathematical constant. A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a special symbol, or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. Constants arise in many areas of mathematics, with constants such as e and π occurring in such diverse ...

Solving math word problems. We’ve trained a system that solves grade school math problems with nearly twice the accuracy of a fine-tuned GPT-3 model. It solves about 90% as many problems as real kids: a small sample of 9-12 year olds scored 60% on a test from our dataset, while our system scored 55% on those same problems. October …

Numbers and Quantities. 1. Arithmetic Sequences. a n = a 1 + ( n − 1) d. This formula defines a sequence of numbers where the difference between each consecutive term is the same. The first term of the sequence is a 1, the n t h term of the sequence is a n, and the constant difference between consecutive terms is d. 2.an - ' II ,n=NCNz - Csa ( x ) ' II nZ= NCNtly.HN# ... Purchase document to see full attachment. Tags: MATH 1080 guelph calculus equations Formulas Exam review.Source: adapted from notes by Nancy Stephenson, presented by Joe Milliet at TCU AP Calculus Institute, July 2005 AP Calculus Formula List Math by Mr. Mueller Page 2 of 6 [ ] ( ) ( ) ( ) Intermediate Value Theorem: If is continuous on , and is any number between and ,Algebra, calculus, geometry, and other math formulas are included in this article. Math formulae are effective tools for expressing mathematical concepts, relationships, and calculations in a short and exact manner. These formulas provide the foundation of several mathematical fields, including algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and ...Evaluate Fractions · Linear Equations · Quadratic Equations · Inequalities · Systems of Equations · Matrices. Trigonometry. Simplify · Evaluate · Graphs.The same area can be estimated on an x-y plot with the midpoint formula in calculus. ... Math 104: Calculus Formulas & Properties; Chi-Square Test of Independence: Example & Formula;Sep 14, 2023 · Calculus, a branch of mathematics founded by Newton and Leibniz, deals with the pace of transition. Calculus Math is commonly used in mathematical simulations to find the best solutions. It aids us in understanding the changes between values that are linked by a purpose. Sep 26, 2023 ... Apart from differentiation, integration is one of the two major calculus subjects in mathematics that measures the rate of change of any ...Trigonometry formulas are sets of different formulas involving trigonometric identities, used to solve problems based on the sides and angles of a right-angled triangle. Additionally, there are many trigonometric identities and formulas that can be used to simplify expressions, solve equations, and evaluate integrals.

Ks networks volleyball club.

Craftsman 536 snowblower carburetor.

Welcome to my math notes site. Contained in this site are the notes (free and downloadable) that I use to teach Algebra, Calculus (I, II and III) as well as Differential Equations at Lamar University. The notes contain the usual topics that are taught in those courses as well as a few extra topics that I decided to include just because I wanted to.Evaluate Fractions · Linear Equations · Quadratic Equations · Inequalities · Systems of Equations · Matrices. Trigonometry. Simplify · Evaluate · Graphs.Math can be a challenging subject for many students, and sometimes we all need a little extra help. Whether you’re struggling with algebra, geometry, calculus, or any other branch of mathematics, finding reliable math answers is crucial to ...Learn math formulas with free interactive flashcards. Choose from 5,000 different sets of math formulas flashcards on Quizlet.Trigonometry formulas are sets of different formulas involving trigonometric identities, used to solve problems based on the sides and angles of a right-angled triangle. Additionally, there are many trigonometric identities and formulas that can be used to simplify expressions, solve equations, and evaluate integrals.We will follow BODMAS rule to perform operations as follows: Step 1: Simplify the terms inside ( ) to get 13+2 i.e. 15. Step 2: Divide the result by 5 , to get 3. Step 3: Multiply the result by -2 to get -6. Step-4: Add the result in 16 to get 10. Thus the final result is 10.We can approximate integrals using Riemann sums, and we define definite integrals using limits of Riemann sums. The fundamental theorem of calculus ties integrals and derivatives together and can be used to evaluate various definite integrals.In this section we will discuss how to find the Taylor/Maclaurin Series for a function. This will work for a much wider variety of function than the method discussed in the previous section at the expense of some often unpleasant work. We also derive some well known formulas for Taylor series of e^x , cos(x) and sin(x) around x=0.Apr 16, 2021 ... It contains 6 sections, Derivatives, Integrations, a Derivative solving program, Volume, Quadratic Equation program, and Trig Identities. A ...Calculus 2 6 units · 105 skills. Unit 1 Integrals review. Unit 2 Integration techniques. Unit 3 Differential equations. Unit 4 Applications of integrals. Unit 5 Parametric equations, polar coordinates, and vector-valued functions. Unit 6 Series.In mathematics, a limit is the value that a function (or sequence) approaches as the input (or index) approaches some value. Limits are essential to calculus and mathematical analysis, and are used to define continuity, derivatives, and integrals.. The concept of a limit of a sequence is further generalized to the concept of a limit of a topological net, and is … ….

MATH 221 { 1st SEMESTER CALCULUS LECTURE NOTES VERSION 2.0 (fall 2009) This is a self contained set of lecture notes for Math 221. The notes were written by Sigurd Angenent, starting from an extensive collection of notes and problems compiled by Joel Robbin. The LATEX and Python lesIn this section we discuss one of the more useful and important differentiation formulas, The Chain Rule. With the chain rule in hand we will be able to differentiate a much wider variety of functions. As you will see throughout the rest of your Calculus courses a great many of derivatives you take will involve the chain rule!In calculus and analysis, constants and variables are often reserved for key mathematical numbers and arbitrarily small quantities. The following table documents some of the most notable symbols in these categories — along with each symbol’s example and meaning. π. If f ( x) → L, then f ( x) 2 → L 2.Calculus is the branch of mathematics that extends the application of algebra and geometry to the infinite. Calculus enables a deep investigation of the continuous change that typifies real-world behavior. With calculus, we find functions for the slopes of curves that are not straight. We also find the area and volume of curved figures beyond ...What are the basic Maths formulas? The basic Maths formulas include arithmetic operations, where we learn to add, subtract, multiply and divide. Also, algebraic identities help to solve equations. Some of the formulas are: (a + b) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + 2ab. (a – b) 2 = a 2 + b 2 – 2ab. a 2 – b 2 = (a + b) (a – b) Q2.Section 3.1 : The Definition of the Derivative. In the first section of the Limits chapter we saw that the computation of the slope of a tangent line, the instantaneous rate of change of a function, and the instantaneous velocity of an object at x = a x = a all required us to compute the following limit. lim x→a f (x) −f (a) x −a lim x ...Calculus is used to model many different processes in real-life applications requiring non-static quantities. Throughout your math journey, you’ll use calculus to: Find a derivative. Evaluate the limit of a function. Explore variables that are constantly changing. Employ integration in solving geometric problems.The sum rule, product rule, and chain rule produce new derivatives from the derivatives of x n , sin(x) and e x . The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus says ...Class 12 Calculus Formulas. Calculus is the branch of mathematics that has immense value in other subjects and studies like physics, biology, chemistry, and economics. Class 12 Calculus formulas are mainly based on the study of the change in a function’s value with respect to a change in the points in its domain. Math calculus formula, Sep 14, 2023 · Calculus, a branch of mathematics founded by Newton and Leibniz, deals with the pace of transition. Calculus Math is commonly used in mathematical simulations to find the best solutions. It aids us in understanding the changes between values that are linked by a purpose. , Source: adapted from notes by Nancy Stephenson, presented by Joe Milliet at TCU AP Calculus Institute, July 2005 AP Calculus Formula List Math by Mr. Mueller Page 2 of 6 [ ] ( ) ( ) ( ) Intermediate Value Theorem: If is continuous on , and is any number between and , , Quadratic Functions and Formulas Examples of Quadratic Functions x y y= x2 parabolaopeningup x y y= x2 parabolaopeningdown Forms of Quadratic Functions Standard Form y= ax2 + bx+ c or f(x) = ax2 + bx+ c This graph is a parabola that opens up if a>0 or down if a<0 and has a vertex at b 2a;f b 2a . Vertex Form y= a(x h)2 + k or f(x) = a(x h)2 + k ..., Class 11 math formulas are fundamental to understanding concepts in both grades 11 and 12. Memorizing these formulas is extremely essential to prepare and score well in examinations. ... Class 11 Calculus formulas are mainly based on the study of the change in a function’s value with respect to a change in the points in its domain. The ..., The integration formulas have been broadly presented as the following sets of formulas. The formulas include basic integration formulas, integration of trigonometric ratios, inverse trigonometric functions, the product of functions, and some advanced set of integration formulas.Basically, integration is a way of uniting the part to find a whole. It …, Therefore, the equation of the circle with a center at (-2, 3) and a radius of 4 is: (x + 2)^2 + (y - 3)^2 = 16. Like. 0. ... Calculus I (MATH 140) 20 days ago. Write the equation of the …, Integration is the basic operation in integral calculus. While differentiation has straightforward rules by which the derivative of a complicated function can be found by differentiating its simpler component functions, ... CRC Standard Mathematical Tables and Formulae, 31st edition. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, 2002., Finding the Inverse of a Function. Given the function f (x) f ( x) we want to find the inverse function, f −1(x) f − 1 ( x). First, replace f (x) f ( x) with y y. This is done to make the rest of the process easier. Replace every x x with a y y and replace every y y with an x x. Solve the equation from Step 2 for y y., With the Calculus as a key, Mathematics can be successfully applied to the explanation of the course of Nature – WHITEHEAD 13.1 Introduction This chapter is an introduction to Calculus. Calculus is that branch of mathematics which mainly deals with the study of change in the value of a function as the points in the domain change., Section 1.10 : Common Graphs. The purpose of this section is to make sure that you’re familiar with the graphs of many of the basic functions that you’re liable to run across in a calculus class. Example 1 Graph y = −2 5x +3 y = − 2 5 x + 3 . Example 2 Graph f (x) = |x| f ( x) = | x | ., Math theory. Mathematics calculus on class chalkboard. Algebra and geometry science handwritten formulas vector education concept. Formula and theory on ..., 218 Appendix E: Geometry and Trigonometry Formulas 223 Appendix F: Polar and Parametric Equations 234 Appendix G: Interesting Series 235 Index Useful Websites www.mathguy.us mathworld.wolfram.com Wolfram Math World – A premier site for mathematics on the Web. This site contains , The mathematical topics taught before calculus produce static results, unchanging outcomes for provided arguments. Calculus di ers by describing dynamic systems, …, Apr 11, 2023 · To use integration by parts in Calculus, follow these steps: Decompose the entire integral (including dx) into two factors. Let the factor without dx equal u and the factor with dx equal dv. Differentiate u to find du, and integrate dv to find v. Use the formula: Evaluate the right side of this equation to solve the integral. , Product rule in calculus is a method to find the derivative or differentiation of a function given in the form of a ratio or division of two differentiable functions. Understand the method using the product rule formula and derivations. , an - ' II ,n=NCNz - Csa ( x ) ' II nZ= NCNtly.HN# ... Purchase document to see full attachment. Tags: MATH 1080 guelph calculus equations Formulas Exam review., Get math help in your language. Works in Spanish, Hindi, German, and more. Online math solver with free step by step solutions to algebra, calculus, and other math problems. Get help on the web or with our math app., This method is often called the method of disks or the method of rings. Let’s do an example. Example 1 Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by y = x2 −4x+5 y = x 2 − 4 x + 5, x = 1 x = 1, x = 4 x = 4, and the x x -axis about the x x -axis. Show Solution. In the above example the object was a solid ..., The calculus involves a series of simple statements connected by propositional connectives like: and ( conjunction ), not ( negation ), or ( disjunction ), if / then / thus ( conditional ). You can think of these as being roughly equivalent to basic math operations on numbers (e.g. addition, subtraction, division,…)., Method 1 : Use the method used in Finding Absolute Extrema. This is the method used in the first example above. Recall that in order to use this method the interval of possible values of the independent variable in the function we are optimizing, let’s call it I I, must have finite endpoints. Also, the function we’re optimizing (once it’s ..., Calculus means the part of maths that deals with the properties of derivatives and integrals of quantities such as area, volume, velocity, acceleration, etc., by processes initially dependent on the summation of infinitesimal differences. It helps in determining the changes between the values that are related to the functions., The formula for a half-life is T1/2 = ln(2) / λ. In this equation, T1/2 is the half-life. The ln(2) stands for the natural logarithm of two and can be estimated as 0.693, and the λ is the decay constant., Calculate the Integral: S = 3 − 2 = 1. So the arc length between 2 and 3 is 1. Well of course it is, but it's nice that we came up with the right answer! Interesting point: the " (1 + ...)" part of the Arc Length Formula guarantees we get at least the distance between x values, such as this case where f’ (x) is zero., an - ' II ,n=NCNz - Csa ( x ) ' II nZ= NCNtly.HN# ... Purchase document to see full attachment. Tags: MATH 1080 guelph calculus equations Formulas Exam review., The mathematical formula for mass is mass = density x volume. To calculate the mass of an object, you must first know its density and its volume. The formula “mass = density x volume” is a variation on the density formula: density = mass ÷ ..., Average velocity is the result of dividing the distance an object travels by the time it takes to travel that far. The formula for calculating average velocity is therefore: final position – initial position/final time – original time, or [..., Quadratic Functions and Formulas Examples of Quadratic Functions x y y= x2 parabolaopeningup x y y= x2 parabolaopeningdown Forms of Quadratic Functions Standard Form y= ax2 + bx+ c or f(x) = ax2 + bx+ c This graph is a parabola that opens up if a>0 or down if a<0 and has a vertex at b 2a;f b 2a . Vertex Form y= a(x h)2 + k or f(x) = a(x h)2 + k ... , But we can see that it is going to be 2. We want to give the answer "2" but can't, so instead mathematicians say exactly what is going on by using the special word "limit". The limit of (x2−1) (x−1) as x approaches 1 is 2. And it is written in symbols as: lim x→1 x2−1 x−1 = 2. So it is a special way of saying, "ignoring what happens ..., That short equation says "the rate of change of the population over time equals the growth rate times the population". Differential Equations can describe how populations change, how heat moves, how springs vibrate, how radioactive material decays and much more. They are a very natural way to describe many things in the universe., Wolfram Math World – Perhaps the premier site for mathematics on the Web. This site contains definitions, explanations and examples for elementary and advanced math topics. Purple Math – A great site for the Algebra student, it contains lessons, reviews and homework guidelines., List of Basic Math Formula | Download 1300 Maths Formulas PDF - mathematics formula by Topics Numbers, Algebra, Probability & Statistics, Calculus & Analysis, Math Symbols, Math Calculators, and Number Converters, A one-sided limit is a value the function approaches as the x-values approach the limit from *one side only*. For example, f (x)=|x|/x returns -1 for negative numbers, 1 for positive numbers, and isn't defined for 0. The one-sided *right* limit of f at x=0 is 1, and the one-sided *left* limit at x=0 is -1., Calculus is known to be the branch of mathematics, that deals in the study rate of change and its application in solving equations. During the early Latin times, the idea of Calculus was derived from its original meaning “small stones” as means of computing a calculation of travelling distance or measuring and analyzing the movement of certain objects like stars from one place to another ...